Biosolids\r\n
A solid substance formed from the by-products of wastewater treatment. These solids can be beneficially used by agriculture or forestry.
\r\n"}}" id="text-e9a5c9a9d7" class="cmp-text">有机固体残
废水处理的副产品形成的固体物质。这些固体可用于农业或林业。
固体垃圾回收
We recycle more than water\r\n
Our role in protecting the environment doesn't end with water recycling. We aim to beneficially reuse as many of the by-products of wastewater treatment as possible. In some cases, we can turn waste into valuable products like biosolids and renewable energy.
\r\n"}}" id="text-5d15558efa" class="cmp-text">我们回收的不仅仅是水
我们保护环境的作用还没有结束水回收利用．我们的目标是有益地重用尽可能多的副产品废水处理越好。在某些情况下，我们可以把废物变成有价值的产品有机固体残而且可再生能源．
Making biosolids\r\nWhat are biosolids?
\r\n什么是生物固体?
What are biosolids?
\r\n
\r\nWe produce organic solids (sludge) during wastewater treatment.
\r\nThis sludge is collected and processed to convert it into a safe, stable, nutrient-rich fertiliser product called biosolids.
\r\n
Are biosolids safe?
\r\nNSW Health and NSW Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) have confirmed biosolids are safe if they are made and used following the EPA’s biosolids guidelines.
\r\n
\r\nThe National Association of Testing Authorities accredits the laboratories that test all our biosolids for contaminant levels and stability. This determines the grade of the product and how the biosolids should be used.
使有机固体残
什么是生物固体?
我们生产有机固体(污泥期间)废水处理．
这些污泥被收集和处理，转化为一种安全、稳定、营养丰富的肥料产品，称为生物固体。
生物固体安全吗?
新南威尔士州卫生而且新南威尔士州环境保护局是否确认生物固体是安全的，如果它们是按照环保局的固体生物指南．
的全国检测机构协会授权实验室测试我们所有的生物固体的污染水平和稳定性。这决定了产品的等级和生物固体应该如何使用。
生物固体可以在农场上使用。
How do we make biosolids?
\r\n\r\n我们如何制造生物固体?
\r\n\r\n
- \r\n
- Separation – We collect the sludge (a mixture of scum and sludge) using a separation technique called sedimentation. \r\n
- Thickening – We use mechanical and chemical methods to reduce the water content and thicken the sludge. Some water resource recovery facilities use gravity thickeners, centrifuges or dissolved air flotation. \r\n
- Digestion – We use either aerobic or anaerobic digesters to break down and stabilise the sludge. This makes nutrients available to plants, reduces pathogens to low levels and reduces odour. \r\n
- Dewatering – We use high-speed centrifuges or belt press machines to remove water from the biosolids. This helps make it lighter for easy transport in trucks. \r\n
Learn more about How biosolids are produced (167KB).
\r\n"}}" id="text-560eb6b1f0" class="cmp-text">我们如何制造生物固体?
- 分离-我们收集污泥(混合物)人渣和污泥)使用一种分离技术叫做沉积．
- 增厚-我们采用机械和化学方法来降低污泥的含水量和增稠污泥。一些水资源回收设施使用重力增稠机，离心机或溶解气浮选．
- 消化-我们都用有氧或厌氧消化器分解和稳定污泥。这使得植物可以获得营养，将病原体减少到低水平，并减少气味。
- 脱水-我们使用高速离心机或带式压榨机从生物固体中除去水分。这有助于使它更轻，便于用卡车运输。
了解更多关于生物固体是如何产生的(167KB)．
What can you do to help?\r\n
You can help us recycle our waste into biosolids by:
\r\n
- \r\n
- using environmentally friendly detergents and cleaning products \r\n
- putting only pee, poo and toilet paper in the toilet \r\n
- scraping food leftovers into the compost or bin before you wash up \r\n
- disposing of household chemicals using your council's Household Chemical CleanOut services. \r\n
你能帮上什么忙?
你可透过以下方法，协助我们将废物循环再造为生物固体:
- 使用环保洗涤剂和清洁产品
- 厕所里只放尿、便便和厕纸
- 洗碗前把剩饭剩菜刮到堆肥或垃圾箱里
- 用理事会的设备处理家用化学品家用化学品大扫除服务。
Benefits of biosolids\r\n
What are the benefits of producing biosolids?
\r\nProducing biosolids helps us reduce our environmental footprint by:
\r\n- \r\n
- minimising the discharge of solids to our oceans and rivers \r\n
- recycling a valuable resource that helps minimise disposal to landfill \r\n
- reducing the amount of chemical fertilisers used on farms \r\n
- producing carbon-neutral biogas used to generate renewable energy to power our water resource recovery facilities. \r\n
Considering biosolids as a resource instead of a waste product is a part of our circular economy.
\r\n"}}" id="T2" class="cmp-text">生物固体的好处
生产生物固体有什么好处?
生产固体生物制品可帮助我们减少对环境的影响:
- 尽量减少向海洋和河流排放固体废物
- 回收宝贵的资源，有助减少弃置到堆填区的废物
- 减少化肥在农场的使用量
- 生产碳中和的沼气，用于生产可再生能源，为我们的水资源回收设施提供动力。
将生物固体作为一种资源而不是废物是循环经济的一部分。
生物固体可以在牧场上使用。
How are biosolids part of a circular economy?\r\n
A circular economy is a set of principles that values all things as resources rather than products and waste. It aims to eliminate waste, circulate products and materials so they're used more than once and regenerate nature.
\r\nWe used to think of the solids left over from wastewater treatment as waste products to be disposed of. But, when we look closer we find that they're full of useful resources – things like organic matter, nutrients and healthy bacteria. Valuing and reusing resources found in wastewater, like biosolids, is part of circular economy thinking.
\r\nCan you think of other connections between water, materials and energy? It's something we're working on.
\r\nWe can draw inspiration from the Earth's natural cycles, including the natural water cycle, nutrient cycles (like the nitrogen cycle in wastewater treatment) and energy cycles.
\r\n"}}" id="text-3679eece36" class="cmp-text">生物固体如何成为循环经济的一部分?
循环经济是一套将所有事物视为资源而非产品和废物的原则。它的目的是消除浪费，循环产品和材料，使它们使用不止一次，并使自然再生。
我们过去常常认为废水处理后剩下的固体是要处理掉的废物。但是，当我们仔细观察时，我们发现它们充满了有用的资源——比如有机物、营养物质和健康的细菌。对废水中的生物固体等资源进行评估和再利用，是循环经济思维的一部分。
你能想到水、材料和能源之间的其他联系吗?这是我们正在研究的。
\r\n\r\n
\r\n"}}" id="text-d5d7f31340" class="cmp-text">
Uses \r\n | \r\nBenefits \r\n | \r\n
|---|---|
Agriculture and forestry \r\n | \r\n
| \r\n
Composting \r\n | \r\n
| \r\n
Land rehabilitation \r\n | \r\n
| \r\n
使用 |
好处 |
|---|---|
农业和林业 |
|
堆肥 |
|
土地康复 |
|
Using biosolids\r\n
How are biosolids used?
\r\nWe use some biosolids directly without further processing. Some biosolids go on to be processed further for indirect uses.
\r\n
Direct use
\r\nAround 73% of the biosolids produced from our water resource recovery facilities are directly applied to agricultural soils.
\r\nOver 40 farms across the central west and south west of NSW use our biosolids to help improve soil, mainly in broad-acre farms. These large farms grow canola, wheat, oats, barley and pastures.
\r\nThe biosolids are spread and mixed into the soil before sowing the crops. The harvested parts of these crops don’t come into direct contact with the soil-biosolids mixture.
\r\nSome animals, such as sheep and cattle, may graze on crops and pastures grown in biosolids. There are withholding periods for farm animals fed on biosolids-treated pastures.
\r\n"}}" id="T3" class="cmp-text">使用有机固体残
如何使用生物固体?
我们直接使用一些生物固体而不作进一步处理。一些生物固体继续进一步加工，以作间接用途。
直接使用
我们的水资源回收设施产生的约73%的生物固体直接用于农业土壤。
新南威尔士州中西部和西南部的40多个农场使用我们的生物固体来帮助改善土壤，主要是在大英亩的农场。这些大型农场种植油菜、小麦、燕麦、大麦和牧场。
在播种作物之前，生物固体被喷洒并混合到土壤中。这些作物的收获部分不直接接触土壤-生物固体混合物。
一些动物，如羊和牛，可能吃农作物和生长在生物固体中的牧场。在生物固体处理过的牧场上饲养的家畜有滞后期。
农民使用特殊的机器在地面上喷洒生物固体。
农民可以用生物固体来为羊种植食物。
Indirect use\r\n
We send the remaining 25% of our biosolids for further processing. Biosolids can be mixed with other materials such as green waste and further composted. These products are tested to ensure they're safe for use in the same way as any other composted product.
\r\nThese composted biosolids are used in agriculture, horticulture, mine rehabilitation and gardens and parklands within Sydney.
\r\n"}}" id="text-a3d8edf6d5" class="cmp-text">间接使用
我们将剩下的25%的生物固体进行进一步处理。生物固体可以与绿色废物等其他材料混合，并进一步堆肥。这些产品经过测试，以确保它们和其他堆肥产品一样安全使用。
这些堆肥生物固体用于农业、园艺、矿山修复和悉尼的花园和公园。
Making renewable energy\r\n
How can we make renewable energy?
\r\nWe can use cogeneration and co-digestion to make heat and energy from biosolids to help power the rest of the water resource recovery faciliy.
\r\nLearn more about wastewater treatment and energy management and climate change.
\r\n"}}" id="T4" class="cmp-text">生产可再生能源
我们如何制造可再生能源?
我们可以使用热电联产和共消化从生物固体中产生热量和能量，帮助为其余的水资源回收设施提供动力。
Cogeneration\r\n
Cogeneration is the production of electricity and heat at the same time.
\r\nWe can use the electricity and heat to reduce the overall energy demand of a water resource recovery facility.
\r\nIn a wastewater system, the anaerobic digestion of organic waste can be used to produce methane gas.
\r\nThis gas can be used to power a combustion engine that drives an electricity generator.
\r\nThe heat generated from the combustion engine can then be used to warm the digester and improve its efficiency.
\r\nWe already use cogeneration at a number of facilities. We're looking to increase our cogeneration capacity at Bondi, Malabar and North Head.
\r\n"}}" id="text-0c8f7016e4" class="cmp-text">热电联产
热电联产是同时生产电和热。
我们可以利用电和热来减少水资源回收设施的整体能源需求。
在废水处理系统中，有机废物的厌氧消化可用于产生甲烷气体。
这种气体可以用来为驱动发电机的内燃机提供动力。
内燃机产生的热量可以用来加热蒸发器，提高效率。
我们已经在一些设施中使用热电联产。我们正在寻求增加Bondi, Malabar和北的头．
卧龙岗水资源回收设施热电联产。
Co-digestion\r\n
Co-digestion takes liquid organic waste from restaurants and other sources and combines it with solids from the wastewater system. This mix is then digested to produce methane gas and biosolids.
\r\nIn late 2011, we began exploring the possibilities of co-digestion and the benefits of treating organic waste as a resource at Cronulla Water Resource Recovery Facility.
\r\nThis work is still in the early stages, but it's producing some impressive results with a lot of promise for the future.
\r\nThe benefits of using co-digestion:
\r\n- \r\n
- It diverts organics, like food scraps, from landfill. \r\n
- It uses existing infrastructure. \r\n
- It generates renewable energy. \r\n
- It has low carbon emissions. \r\n
Co-digestion
联合消化从餐馆和其他来源提取液态有机废物，并将其与废水系统中的固体废物结合。然后，这些混合物被消化，产生甲烷气体和生物固体。
2011年底，我们开始探索联合消化的可能性以及将有机废物作为一种资源处理的好处克罗努拉水资源回收设施．
这项工作仍处于早期阶段，但它已经产生了一些令人印象深刻的结果，对未来有很大的希望。
使用协同消化的好处:
- 它从垃圾填埋场转移有机物，比如食物残渣。
- 它使用现有的基础设施。
- 它产生可再生能源。
- 它有低碳排放。
Seeing biosolids in action\r\n
Where can I see biosolids being used?
\r\nIn 2020, we worked with Australian Native Landscapes to build a garden at our education centre within Penrith Water Resource Recovery Facility. You can see our garden when you visit us. Request an excursion.
\r\nWe used recycled composted biosolids from our water resource treatment facilities and planted drought-tolerant, low-maintenance native plants. We collect and use rainwater to conserve our drinking water.
\r\nWe'll be watching how the garden thrives over time. It's a great example of how we can contribute to liveable cities.
\r\n"}}" id="T5" class="cmp-text">观察生物固体的作用
我可以在哪里看到生物固体被使用?
2020年，我们与澳大利亚本土景观合作，在我们的教育中心建造了一个花园必威客服在线潘瑞斯水资源回收设施．你来我们这里参观时可以看到我们的花园。请求短途旅行．
我们使用回收堆肥生物固体从我们的水资源处理设施和种植耐旱，低维护的本地植物。我们收集和利用雨水来保存我们的饮用水。
我们将观察花园如何随着时间的推移而茁壮成长。这是一个很好的例子，说明我们可以如何为宜居城市．
有机花园
雨水坦克
来到幕后
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